Ingliz tili / IELTS 7.5

2023-06-12 19:09:14 #prepositions #grammar
Prepositions (Predloglar)

Preposition ingliz tilida oʻziga xos soʻz turkumi boʻlib, oʻzbek tilidagi kelishik qoʻshimchalari va koʻmakchi vazifasini bajaradi. Mavzuda ularni umumiy nom bilan koʻmakchi deb qoʻllashni lozim topdim.

Ingliz tilidagi koʻmakchilar mavzusi eng katta va eng murakkab mavzulardan hisoblanadi, chunki koʻmakchilarning asosiy qismi gapda qanday vaziyatda ishlatilishi, qaysi fe'l bilan ishlatilishiga qarab ma'nolari oʻzgarib turadi.

Masalan, at koʻmakchisini olamiz. Mazkur koʻmakchi 4 vaziyatda toʻrt ma'noda :
oʻrin-joy uchun (at the door - eshik yonida),
vaqt uchun (at 5 oʻclock - soat 5da)
fe'l bilan (to laugh at - ustidan kulmoq)
fe'l bilan (to hint at - sha'ma qilmoq, ) degan ma'nolarda  ishlatilishi mumkin.

Koʻmakchilarni oʻrganishda ulardan eng universallarini oʻrganishdan boshlaymiz. Bu universal koʻmakchilar in/on/at hisoblanadi va ularning paytni bildiruvchi birikmalarda ishlatilishini ko'rib chiqamiz:
at koʻmakchisi kun davomidagi aniq vaqtni koʻrsatishda qoʻllaniladi.
at 5 oʻclock at sunrise at noon at night at sunset at 5:45 at midnight
at dawn at dusk

at koʻmakchisi bilan qoʻllaniladigan boshqa payt ravishlarni koʻrsatib oʻtaman:
at first at once at the moment at the beginning at length at last at present at the end at the weekend at a time at Easter at weekends at Christmas at the same time at the age of …

on koʻmakchisi hafta kunlari, aniq sanalar oldidan va tarkibida day/eve/anniversary soʻzlari boʻlgan birikmalarda qoʻllaniladi.
on Sunday/Monday on 12th May on Christmas Day on New Year's Eve on anniversary  on sb's birthday on the appointed day on one occasion

in koʻmakchisi uzoqroq davom etadigan muddatlarni (yil oylari/fasl/yil/oʻn yillik/asr/davr) bildiradigan soʻzlar oldidan qoʻllaniladi.
in October in 1991 in the 15th century in the past in my childhood in (the) winter in the 1990's in the Middle Ages in the future in my thoughts

kun davomidagi davrlarni bildiruvchi soʻzlar in koʻmakchisi bilan qoʻllaniladi.
in the morning in the afternoon in the evening in the night

last/next/this/every soʻzlari oldidan in/on/at predloglari payt ravishini bildirganda qoʻllanilmaydi.
I will see you next Friday. (on next Friday emas)
They got married last March. (in last March emas)

in+muddat kelajak zamonda ishlatilganda in koʻmakchisi keyin deb tarjima qilinadi.
The train will be leaving in a few minutes. (Poyezd bir necha daqiqadan keyin joʻnab ketadi)
Jack has gone away. He will be back in a week. (Jek sayohatga ketdi. U bir haftadan keyin qaytadi)

Hozirgi va oʻtgan zamonda muddatni bildiradigan soʻzlar bilan qoʻllanilganda in koʻmakchisi ichida deb tarjima qilinishi mumkin.
I learnt to drive in four weeks. (Men toʻrt hafta ichida haydashni oʻrgandim. Ochish/sharhlash

2023-06-12 18:32:43 Kechirilmas eng katta 𝟯 𝘁𝗮 gunoh.

Bular qaysilar ekanligini bilasizmi
Har bir inson buni bilishi shart Ochish/sharhlash

2023-06-11 18:58:06 So'zlashuv uchun: Lug'at
Bahs-munozara davomida foydalaniladigan so'zlar to'plami

  You are right - Siz haqsiz

Ask me another - Osonroq narsa so‘ra!

Eat one's words - gapini qaytib olmoq

Enough of it - Bu yetarli bo‘ldi

Go into details - tafsilotlarga urg‘u bermoq

I don’t care - Menga ahamiyati yo‘q

I have no idea - Men tushunmayapman

I mean it! - Men jiddiy gapirdim!

I wish I knew - Buni bilishni xohlardim!

It doesn’t matter - Bu muhim emas

It doesn't make sense - Bunda ma'no yo‘q

It doesn't prove a thing - Bu hech narsani isbotlamaydi

Never mind - Hechqisi yo'q

No way - Hech qanaqasiga Ochish/sharhlash

2023-06-10 18:59:06 Predloglar

Yodlab  va e'tibor bilan o'rganib oling sababi deyarli har kuni bu so'zlarga duch kelasiz.

about -haqida
above - tepada
across - orqali, ichidan
after -keyin
against - qarshi
among -o’rtasida
around - atrofida, taxminan
as - o’xshab
at - ostida, ichida
before - oldin
behind - orqada
below - pastda
beneath - ostida
beside - yonma-yon
between - o’rtasida
beyond - orqasida, narigi tomonida
but - lekin
by - yonida, -da, -dan tomonidan
despite - ga qaramay
down - past tomoniga
during - davomida, mobaynida
except - dan tashqari
for - uchun
from…- dan
in -  ichida
inside - ichida
into - ichiga
near - yonida
next - yonida, atrofida
of…. - ning
on - Ustida, ichida
opposite - qarama-qarshi
out….- dan
outside - tashqarida
over - tepasida, o’stida
per - uchun
plus - qo’shuv
round - taxminan
since…- dan beri
than… - dan ko’ra
through - orasidan, orqali
till - gacha
to….- ga
toward…- ga
under- tagida, pastida
unlike…- ga o’xshamasdan
until - gacha
up…- ga, …da
with - bilan
with in - ichida
without… - siz
two words - ikkita so’zlar
according to…- ga qaraganda
because of - sababida, tufayli
close to - yaqinda
except for - dan tashqari
far from - dan uzoq
inside of…. - Ichida
instead of…- dan ko’ra
near to….- ga yaqin
next to… -dan keyin
outside of… - dan tashqari
prior to….- Gacha
three words - uchta so’zlar
as far as… - gacha
as well as… - ga o’xshab
in addition to…- ga qo’shimcha
in front of… - qarshisida
in spite of…- dan ko’ra
on behalf of…- nomidan
on top of… - tepasida Ochish/sharhlash

2023-06-09 19:22:28 Word patterns
•Accuse sb of sth/doing - kimdirni biror narsada ayblamoq
•Arrest sb for sth/doing - kimdirni biror narsa uchun hibsga olmoq
•Charge sb with sth - kimdirni biror narsada ayblamoq
•Claim to be/do - bo'lishni/qilishni da'vo qilmoq
•Claim that - ...ni da'vo qilmoq
•Deny sth/doing - biror narsani rad etmoq
•Doubt sth - biror narsadan shubhalanmoq
•Doubt that - ...ga shubha qilmoq
•Doubt if/whether -  ...mi yoki yo'qligiga shubha qilmoq
•Forgive sb for sth/doing - kimdirni biror narsa qilgani uchun kechirmoq
•Glimpse sth - biror narsaga ko'zi tushib qolmoq, ko'rib qolmoq
•Catch a glimpse of sth - biror narsani ko'rib qolmoq
Guilty of sth/doing - biror narsaga aybdor
•Legal (for sb) to do - (biror kishi uchun) ...qilish qonuniy
•Make sb do - qilishga majburlamoq
•Be made to do - 1) qilish uchun yaralgan; 2) majburlanmoq
•Refuse to do sth - biror narsa qilishni rad etmoq
•Refuse sth - biror narsani rad etmoq
•Respect sth - biror narsani hurmat qilmoq
•Respect sb for sth/doing-biror kishini biror narsa uchun hurmat qilmoq
•Have respect for sth/sb - biror narsa yoki odam uchun hurmati bo'lmoq
•Threaten to do - qilish uchun qo'rqitmoq
•Threaten sb with sth - kimdirni biror narsa bilan qo'rqitmoq Ochish/sharhlash

2023-06-09 18:08:33 The law and crime - qonun va jinoyat:

Proof - dalil
Evidence - isbot
Suspect - shubhalanmoq
Arrest - hibsga olmoq
Charge - ayblamoq
Suspect - gumondor
Accused - aybdor
Decision - qaror
Verdict - hukm
Commit - sodir etmoq
Break - qonunni buzmoq
Rule - qoida
Law - qonun
Justice - Adolat
Right - huquq
Judge - Sudya
Jury - hakamlar hay'ati
Prosecute - sudga bermoq
Persecute - tahqirlamoq
Capital punishment - o'lim jazosi
Corporal punishment - do'pposlash
Robber - o'g'ri
Burglar - binoga bostirib kiruvchi, talonchi
Thief - o'g'ri
Vandal - jamoat mulkini talon taroj qiluvchi
Hooligan - xuligan, bezori
Sentence - hukm qilmoq
Imprison - qamamoq
Innocent - aybsiz
Guilty - aybdor
Witness - guvoh
Bystander - voqeani uzoqdan ko'rgan guvoh
Lawyer - huquqshunos
Solicitor - advokat Ochish/sharhlash

2023-06-08 18:58:06 Juda yaxshi deyishning turli ko'rinishlari:

  Great
  Fantastic
  Wonderful
  Splendid
  Excellent
  Amazing
  Incredible
  Awesome
  The best
  Impressive
  Breathtaking
  Marvellous
  Unbelievable
  Remarkable
  Astonishing
  Extraordinary
  Fascinating
  Mind blowing
  Unimaginable
  Magnificent
  Tremendous Ochish/sharhlash

2023-06-08 17:58:06 Phrases and collocations

•On account of - uchun, tufayli = because of
•Take into account - hisobga olmoq, inobatga olmoq
•Account for sth - izohlamoq = explain

•Take advantage of sth/sb - biror narsa yoki odamdan foydalanmoq (o'z maqsadi yo'lida)
•Have an advantage over sth/sb - biror narsa yoki odam ustidan ustunlikka ega bo'lmoq
•At an advantage - ustunlikka ega bo'lmoq
•An/One advantage (of sth) - biror narsaning bir foydasi

•Be to blame (for sth/doing) - biror narsaga aybdor bo'lmoq
•Get/take the blame (for sth/doing) - biror narsada aybni bo'yniga olmoq
•Put the blame on sth/sb - aybni biror narsa yoki odamga qo'ymoq
•Blame sth (on sb) - biror narsada biror odamni ayblamoq
•Blame sb for sth/doing - kimdirni biror narsa uchun ayblamoq

•Do/cause damage (to sth) - biror narsaga ziyon yetkazmoq

•At fault - aybdor, xato uchun mas'ul
•Find fault with sth/sb - biror narsa yoki odamdan xato topmoq

•Have the intention of doing - qilish niyati bo'lmoq
•Have no intention of doing - qilish niyati yo'q

•Make a mistake - xato qilmoq
•A mistake (to do) - qilish uchun xato
•Mistake sb for sb - biror kimni boshqasi bilan adashtirmoq, o'xshatmoq
•Do sth by mistake - biron narsani bilmasdan, adashib qilmoq

•Necessary (for sb) to do - (kimdir uchun) ...  qilishga kerakli

•In order - tartib bilan
•Put sth in order - biror narsani tartib bilan qo'ymoq
•In order to do - qilish uchun
•Give an order (to sb) (to do) - (kimdirga) (...qilishni) buyurmoq

•Give sb permission to do - kimdirga biror narsa qilish uchun ruxsat bermoq
•Ask (sb) for permission to do - biror kishidan ... qilish uchun ruxsat so'ramoq
•Have/ask/get permission (from sb) to do - qilish uchun biror kishidan ruxsati bo'lmoq/so'ramoq/olmoq

•Do sth on purpose - biror narsani ataylab qilmoq
•Purpose of sth - biror narsadan maqsad

•Reason for sth - biror narsa uchun sabab
•Reason with sb (phr verb) - kimdirga mulohazaliroq bo'lishga undash uchun gapirmoq

•Have a solution to sth - biror narsaga yechimi bo'lmoq
•Find a solution to sth - biror narsaga yechim topmoq
•Think of a solution to sth - biror narsaga yechim o'ylamoq
•Work out a solution to sth - biror narsa yechimi ustida ishlamoq
•Come up with a solution to sth - biror narsa uchun yechim o'ylab topmoq
•Figure out a solution to sth - biror narsaga yechim topmoq

•Do wrong - noto'g'ri, xato qilmoq
•Do the wrong thing - xato ish qilmoq
•The wrong thing to do - qilish uchun xato narsa
•Go wrong - ishi chappasiga ketmoq
•The wrong way up - teskari, noto'g'ri Ochish/sharhlash

2023-06-07 18:58:06 Word formation
•Able - qobilyatli
•Unable - qobilyatsiz
•Ability - qobilyat
•Inability - qobilyatsizlik
•Disabled - nogiron
•Disability - nogironlik

•Achieve - muvaffaqiyatga erishmoq
•Achievement - muvaffaqiyat, zafar

•Argue - bahslashmoq, tortishmoq
•Argument - bahs, munozara
•Argumentative - bahsli, munozarali

•Care - e'tibor qilmoq
•Careful(ly) - xushyor(ona)
•Careless(ly) - e'tiborsiz (tarzda)
•Caring - g'amxo'r
•Uncaring - bemehr

•Correspond - 1)  mos kelmoq; 2) xat yozishmoq
•Correspondence - 1) aloqadorlik; 2) xat, yozishmalar

•Friend - do'st
•Friendship - do'stlik
•Friendly - do'stona
•Unfriendly - adovatli; do'stona emas

•Happy - xursand
•Unhappy - xafa
•Happiness - baxt
•Unhappiness - baxtsizlik
•Happily - xursandchilik bilan
•Unhappily - baxtsizlarcha

•Jealous - rashkchi; hasadgo'y
•Jealousy - rashk
•Jealously - rashk qilgan tarzda

•Kind - mehribon
•Unkind - mehrsiz
•Kindness - muloyimlik
•Unkindness - qo'pollik
•Kindly - muloyimlik bilan

•Marry - turmush qurmoq/uylanmoq
•Marriage - turmush
•Married - turmush qurgan/uylangan
•Unmarried - turmush qurmagan/uylanmagan

•Nerve - asab
•Nervous - asabiy
•Nervously - asabiylashib, asabiy tarzda
•Nervousness - asabiylik

•Obey - bo'ysunmoq
•Disobey - bo'ysunmaslik, bosh tortmoq
•Obedient - itoatkor
•Obediently - itoatkorona
•Disobedient - itoatsiz
•Disobediently - itoatsizlarcha
•Obedience - itoatkorlik
•Disobedience - itoatsizlik

•Person - shaxs
•Personal - shaxsiy
•Personally - shaxsan
•Impersonal - 1) shaxssiz, shaxsi noma'lum; 2) g'ayriinsoniy
•Impersonally - g'ayriinsoniy tarzda

•Polite - muloyim
•Impolite - qo'pol
•Politely - muloyimlik bilan
•Impolitely - qo'pol tarzda
•Politeness - muloyimlik
•Impoliteness - qo'pollik

•Relate - bog'lamoq
•Relative - qarindosh
•Relatively - nisbatan
•Relation - bog'liqlik
•Relationship - rishta

•Willing - ...ni xohlaydigan
•Unwilling - ...ni xohlamaydigan
•Willingness - xohish
•Unwillingness - xohlamaslik
•Willingly - xohlab
•Unwillingly - xohlamay Ochish/sharhlash

2023-06-07 17:57:06 Collacations with keep


Keep a diary - kundalik tutmoq

Keep a promise - va'dasini bajarmoq

Keep a secret - sir saqlamoq

Keep an appointment - kelishilgan vaqtda uchrashmoq

Keep busy - band bo'lmoq

Keep fit - yaxshi jismoniy holatda bo'lmoq

Keep going (1) - bitta manzilda davom etmoq

Keep going (2) - haydashni, yugurishni, yurishni davom ettirmoq

Keep going (3) - davom etmoq

Keep in touch - aloqada bo'lmoq

Keep quiet - juda past ovoz chiqarmoq

Keep records - ma'lumot saqlamoq

Keep safe - xavdan saqlanmoq

Keep sb waiting - kuttirmoq

Keep sb/sth quiet - shovqindan to'xtatmoq

Keep score - hisoblamoq

Keep still - harakatlanmsalik

Keep the change - qaytimni qaytarmaslik Ochish/sharhlash