Present perfect - Hozirgi tugalla | It’s Javohir
Present perfect - Hozirgi tugallangan zamon
Ingliz tilidagi zamonlarning turlaridan yana biri present perfect deyiladi. Biror voqea o'tmishda boshlanib, hozir tugagan holat. Yoki oldinroq sodir bo'lgan, hozir ma'lum bo'lgan. Demak, o’tgan zamonda bajarib tugatilgan va natijasi hozirgi zamonda ko’rinib turgan ish-harakatga nisbatan present perfect ishlatiladi.
Bu zamonni ifodalash uchun egadan so'ng have/has so'zlarini ishlatib, harakat so'zlariga ied/ed/d o'tgan zamon qo'shimchalaridan birini qo'shamiz.
Formulasi:
Ega+have/has+V3(ied,ed,d)
Misol:
I have cleaned my shoes
- Men poyafzalimni tozaladim.(Ya'ni, hozirgina tozalab bo'ldim, kecha yoki undan oldin emas, yaqin vaqt oralig'ida tozaladim.)
Saida has lost her passport – Saida pasportini yo’qotdi (natijada hozir uning pasporti yo’q – natija hozirgi zamonda ko’rinib turibdi, ish harakatning qachon bajarilganligi esa aytilmayapti).
Temur has bought a new car – Temur yangi mashina sotib oldi (natijada hozir u yangi mashina minib yuribdi. Qachon sotib olgan? Vaqti ko’rsatilmayapti. Lekin natija hozirgi zamonda ko’rinib turibdi!).
Present perfectda irregular fe'llarning uchinchi ko'rinishi ishlatiladi.
Noto'g'ri fe'llar uch xil ko'rinishda bo'lishini aytib o'tganmiz:
1. Infinitiv
2. Past simple
3. Past participle
Masalan, past participleda "go" - gone bo'ladi. Ba'zi noto'g'ri fe'llarning 2- va 3-ko'rinishlari bir xil bo'lsa, ba'zilari uchchala formati uch xil bo'ladi.
Quyida o'sha noto'g'ri fe'llarning ba'zilarini keltiramiz:
be (am/is/are) - was/were - been
read - read - read
make - made - made
break - broke - broken
build - built - built
buy - bought - bought
do - did - done
drive - drove - driven.
