Qizil📙Murphy

2022-12-22 15:31:19 Size:9.38 Mb
Name: Red Murphy Ochish/sharhlash

2022-11-18 19:45:03 Raymond Murphy's Red Book Free Lessons on Youtube. For those who say that the teacher is not explaining the lesson well...

Lessons are here Ochish/sharhlash

2022-07-27 19:43:25 Grammar Time

Ingliz tilida 16 ta zamonning faqat 10 tasida "Passive voice" hosil qilsa boladi. Bular quyidagilar:

Present Simple passive:
Object + am/is/are + V3(-ed)

Present Continuous passive:
Ob. + am/is/are + being V3(-ed)

Present Perfect passive:
Ob.+ have/has + been V3(-ed)

Past Simple passive:
Ob. + was/were + V3(-ed)

Past Continues passive:
Ob.+ was/were being V3(-ed)

Past Perfect passive:
Ob. + had + been V3(-ed)

Future Simple passive:
Ob. + will/shall + be V3(-ed)

Future Perfect passive:
Ob. + will/shall + have + been V3(-ed)

Future Simple in the past passive:
Ob. + would/should + be V3(-ed)

Future Perfect in the past passive:
Ob. + would/should + have + been V3(-ed)

Quyidagi 6 ta zamonning passive voiceni(majhul nisbatini) hosil qilib bo'lmaydi.

Present Perfect Continues
S +have/has been + V-ing

Future Continues
S + will/shall +V-ing

Future Perfect Continues
S will/shall have been V-ing

Past Perfect Continues
S + had +V-ing

Future Continues in the Past
S + would be + V-ing

Future Perfect Continues in the past
S + would have been +V-ing

@Ingliz_Tilini_OrganamizUZ Ochish/sharhlash

2022-06-30 16:32:16 see fe'li koʻrmoq ma’nosida hozirgi zamonda faqat oddiy zamonda qoʻllaniladi.
Do you see that man over there? (Anavi yerdagi odamni koʻryapsanmi?)
I see that girl every morning. (…har kun koʻraman)
see- uchrashmoq, koʻrishmoq degan ma’noda hozirgi davomiy zamonda, kelajakdagi rejalar uchun qoʻllaniladi.
I am seeing the manager tomorrow. (Men ertaga menejer bilan uchrashyapman.)

Yuqoridagi izohlarni cheksiz davom ettirish mumkin, lekin yaxshi lug’at yordamida fe’llarning qaysi ma’noda ishlatilishini, holat yoki harakat fe’li ekanligini bilib olish mumkin. Masalan, 'to weigh fe'li tosh bosmoq, vaznga ega boʻlmoq degan ma’noda holat, oʻlchamoq, taroziga tortmoq degan ma’nolarda harakatni bildiradi.

be - boʻlmoq fe’li holat fe’li boʻlganligi tufayli faqat oddiy zamonlarda qoʻllanishini bilamiz.
Peter is very helpful. He always helps his mother to do the housework. (doimo shunday yordam berishga tayyor…)
'to be' fe’li ba’zibir sifatlar bilan (generous, helpful, selfish, kind…) qoʻllanganda shaxsning oʻzini boshqacha tutayotganligni koʻrsatish uchun hozirgi davomiy zamon (Present Continuous Tense) da qoʻllaniladi.
Sam is being very helpful today. He has done all the housework alone! (Sem bugun juda yordam beryapti. U bir o’zi barcha uy ishlarini bajarib tashladi.) Ochish/sharhlash

2022-06-30 16:32:16 Quyidagi fe'llarni holat fe'li ekanligini yodlab olish lozim bo'ladi, chunki mazkur fe'llarning ishlatilishini bilish barcha zamonlarni to'g'ri qo'llashda asqotadi.

be - bo'lmoq want - xohlamoq need - muhtoj bo'lmoq prefer - afzal ko'rmoq like - yoqtirmoq love - sevmoq hate - nafratlanmoq belong - tegishli bo'lmoq appear - ko'rinmoq imagine - tasavvur qilmoq exist - mavjud bo'lmoq look - ko'rinmoq see - ko'rmoq hear - eshitmoq resemble - o'xshamoq fit - to'g'ri kelmoq own - egalik qilmoq possess - egalik qilmoq owe - qarz bo'lmoq depend - bog'liq bo'lmoq adore - qattiq sevmoq dislike - yomon ko'rmoq suit - mos kelmoq involve - o'z ichiga olmoq know - bilmoq believe - ishonmoq suppose - taxmin qilmoq mean - ma'no anglatmoq understand - tushunmoq remember - eslamoq notice - sezmoq, payqamoq smell - hid taratmoq sound - eshitilmoq, tuyulmoq taste - ta'mga ega bo'lmoq consist - tashkil topmoq feel - his qilmoq admire - havas qilmoq lack - yetishmaslik wish - tilamoq forget - esdan chiqarmoq seem - ko'rinmoq, tuyulmoq have - ega bo'lmoq think - o'ylamoq realise - tushunib yetmoq doubt - shubhalanmoq suspect - gumonlanmoq comprise - tashkil topmoq contain - ichiga olmoq include - ichiga olmoq come from - kelib chiqmoq concern - tegishli bo'lmoq appreciate - tushunmoq, yuqori baholamoq

Yuqoridagi fe'llarni davomiy zamonlarda qo'llash grammatik xato hisoblanadi.

I am knowing the rule. (noto'g'ri)
I know the rule. (to'g'ri)

Yuqorida ba'zi fe'llarga belgisi qo'yilgan bo'lib, mazkur fe'llarning ma'nosi o'zgarganda davomiy zamonlarda ham qo'llanishi mumkinligini bildiradi. Demak, holat fe'llarining ba'zilari boshqa ma'nolarda davomiy zamonlarda ishlatilishi mumkin.

feel - 1. his qilmoq, sez(il)moq (holat fe’li)
2. paypaslamoq, ushlab koʻrmoq (harakat fe’li)
The cloth feels rough. (Mato dag’al…holat fe’li)
The doctor is feeling Nick’s leg. (Doktor Nikning oyog’ini ushlab koʻrmoqda…harakat fe’li)

smell – 1. hid taratmoq, hidga ega boʻlmoq (holat fe’li) 2. hidlab koʻrmoq (harakat fe’li)
The food smells awful. (Ovqatning hidi yomon…holat fe’li)
The girl is smelling the flowers. (Qizcha gullarni hidlamoqda…harakat fe’li)

taste – 1. ta’mga ega boʻlmoq (holat fe’li) 2. ta’mini totib koʻrmoq (harakat fe’li)
The food tastes salty. (Ovqatning ta'mi shoʻr…holat fe’li)
The cook is tasting the food. (Oshpaz ovqatning ta’mini tatib koʻrmoqda…harakat fe’li)

fit – 1. mos kelmoq, toʻg’ri kelmoq (holat fe’li) 2. oʻrnatmoq, joylashtirmoq (harakat fe’li)
My shoes fit me perfectly. (Tufligim menga juda mos keldi…holat fe’li)
The workman is fitting the new engine. (Ishchi yangi motorni oʻrnatmoqda…harakat fe'li)

look – 1. koʻrinmoq (holat fe’li) 2. qaramoq (harakat fe’li)
You look tired. (Siz charchagan koʻrinasiz…holat fe’li)
I am looking for my keys. (Men kalitlarimni qidiryapman…harakat fe’li)

have fe’li “ega boʻlmoq” ma’nosida faqatgina oddiy zamonlarda, ya’ni Present Simple Tense’da qoʻllaniladi.
We have six houses, five cars and one ship now. (are having… emas)

have fe’li boshqa soʻzlar bilan birikib harakatni bildirib kelishi mumkin. Misol uchun to have a bath, to have dinner, to have a chat, to have a rest shunday birikmalar hisoblanadi. Bu holatda ular ham davomiy, ham oddiy zamonlarda qo'llanishi mumkin.
Tom is having a bath at the moment. (Tom ayni paytda vanna qabul qilmoqda)
Tom has a bath every morning. (Tom har kuni ertalab vanna qabul qiladi)

think fe'li fikr bildirmoq' degan ma’nosida faqat oddiy zamonlarda qoʻllaniladi.
I think your idea is the best. (Fikrimcha, sizning g’oyangiz eng zoʻri.)

think fe'li oʻylamoq, fikr yuritmoq degan ma’noda har ikkala zamonda qoʻllana oladi.
I am thinking of your suggestion but I can’t make up my mind. (…oʻylayapman)
I think about the future a lot. (…oʻylayman) Ochish/sharhlash

2022-05-29 02:38:54 UNIT 107. Relative clauses (2)

Shunday o'rinlar bo'ladiki, unda who/that/which so'zlarini qo'ysa ham qo'ymasa ham bo'laveradi:
Masalan:
The man carrying a box. It's very heavy. - Erkak kishi qutini ko'tarib ketyapdi. U judayam og'ir.
Birlashtiramiz:
The box (that) he is carrying is very heavy. - U judayam og'ir qutini ko'tarib ketyapdi.
Odatiy gaplarda avval subject (ot), keyin verb (fe'l), oxirida object (to'ldiruvchi) kelardi. Ikkita gapni birlashtirganimizda xuddi o'sha tartibda, faqat object gapning boshiga o'tadi:
The man - subject, was carrying - verb, a box - object.
The box (that) the man was carrying.
Bobur is talking to a man - Bobur bir kishi bilan gaplashyapdi.
Endi shu gapni boshqa gap bilan birlashtirish uchun "a man" (object)ni subjectdan oldinga o'tkazamiz:
Do you know the man Bobur is talking to? - Bobur gaplashayotgan kishini taniysizmi?
Joylar haqida gap ketganda Who/that/which kabilar o'rnida "where" (qayerda) qo'yiladi:
Have you ever been to the village where they live? - Ular yashaydigan qishloqda hech bo'lganmisiz? Ochish/sharhlash

2022-05-29 02:38:54 UNIT 106. Relative clauses (1)

Ikkita gapni bittaga aylantirish uchun bizga ba'zan "relative clauses" kerak bo'ladi. Doim uchta so'zdan birini ishlatamiz: who, that, which.
Quyidagi ikkita gap:
I met a man. He can speak six languages. - Men bir kishini uchratdim. U oltita tilda gaplasha oladi.
Ikkala gapni birlashtiramiz:
I met a man who can speak six language - Men bir kishini uchratdimki oltita tilda gaplasha oladi. Yoki: Men oltita tilda gaplasha oladigan kishini uchratdim.
"He" o'rniga biz "who" so'zini ishlatdik, chunki odamlar haqida gap ketganda shu so'z ishlatiladi.
That va which so'zlari narsalar uchun ishlatiladi. Gohida "that" so'zi odamlarga ham ishlatiladi, ammo odamlarga "who"ni ishlatish afzal.
Bobur was wearing a hat. It was too big for him. - Bobur shlyapa kiyib yurgan edi. U o'ziga juda katta edi.
Ikkala gapni birlashtiramiz:
Bobur was wearing a hat which (yoki - that) was too big for him - Bobur o'ziga judayam katta shlyapani kiyib yurgan edi.
Demak shunga o'xshash gaplar uchrab qolsa, tarjima qilishda adashmasligimiz kerak:
Do you know who was playing the piano at the party - Kechada pianino chalayotgan kishini taniysizmi?
Have you seen the money that was on the table? - Stolning ustidagi pulni ko'rdingizmi? Ochish/sharhlash

2022-05-29 02:38:53 UNIT 105. If - agar.

If you leave at 7.35, you will arrive at 11:10 - Agar siz 7.35 da jo'nasangiz, 11:10 da yetib olasiz.
"If" so'zi gap o'rtasida kelsa, vergul qo'yilmaydi:
I can understand you if you speak slowly - Sizni tushuna olardim agar sekin gapirsangiz.
Gap kelasi zamonda bo'lsada "if" so'zidan so'ng to be fe'lining hozirgi zamon shakli qo'yiladi, "will" qo'yilmaydi:
If you see Bobur this evening, can you ask her to phone me? - Bu oqshom Boburni ko'rsangiz undan menga qo'ng'iroq qilishini so'rab bera olasizmi?
"If you will see" demaymiz. Chunki, "if" so'zining o'zi kelasi zamonni anglatadi.
"If" va "when" so'zlarining farqiga e'tibor bering:
1. When I go out, I will close the window - Men tashqariga chiqqanimda derazani yopib qo'yaman.
2. If I'm late, don't wait for me - Agar men kech qolsam, meni kutma.
"Mobodo" degan ma'noda doim "if" ishlatiladi. Aniq narsa haqida gap ketganda "when" ishlatiladi. Ochish/sharhlash

2022-05-29 02:38:53 UNIT 104. When - qachon

"When" so'zining ma'nosi qachon, qachonki va shu ma'noni anglatuvchi "da" qo'shimchasini bildiradi. Bu so'z gapning boshida kelsa, gapning birinchi bo'lagidan so'ng vergul qo'yiladi:
When I went out, it was raining - Men tashqariga chiqqanimda yomg'ir yog'ayotgan edi.
Gapning ikkala bo'lagini o'rnini almashtirsa ham ma'no o'zgarmaydi. Bu safar "when" gapning o'rtasida keladi, vergul qo'yilmaydi:
It was raining when I went out - Yomg'ir yog'ayotgan edi men tashqariga chiqqanimda.
Shuningdek "before" (oldin), "while" (davomida), "after" (keyin) so'zlari ham gapda yuqoridagidek shaklda bo'ladi:
While I was waiting for the bus, it began to rain = It began to rain while I was waiting for the bus - Men avtobus kutayotganimda yomg'ir boshladi.
When, while, before, after va until (gacha) so'zlari kelganda gap kelasi zamonda bo'lsa ham "will" qo'yilmaydi. Bitta gapning bir bo'lagida bu so'zlar kelsa, boshqa bo'lagida "will" qo'yiladi:
When I see you tomorrow, I will show you the photographs - Sizni ertaga ko'rganimda rasmlarni ko'rsataman.
"I will see you" demaymiz, chunki "when" (va shu kabi so'zlar) kelasi zamonni anglatishga kifoya qiladi. Ochish/sharhlash

2022-05-29 02:38:53 UNIT 103. Conjunctions (Bog'lovchi so'zlar)

And - va.
The car stopped and the driver got out - Mashina to'xtadi va haydovchi tushdi.
But - lekin.
I bought a newspaper but I didn't read it - Men gazeta xarid qilgan edim, lekin uni o'qimadim.
Or - yoki.
Do you want to play tennis or are you too tired? - Tennis o'ynashni xohlaysizmi yoki juda charchadingizmi?
So - shuning uchun.
They like film, so they often go to the cinema - Ular filmlarni yoqtiradi, shuning uchun ular kinoxonaga tez-tez borib turishadi.
Because - chunki.
I opened the window because it was too hot - Men derazani ochdim, chunki juda issiq edi.
"Because" gap boshida kelishi ham mumkin, u holda gapning 1-bo'lagidan so'ng vergul qo'yiladi:
Because the water wasn't clean, we didn't go swimming - Suv tozamasligi sababli biz cho'milishga bormadik.
Bitta gapda ikkita bog'lovchi so'z kelishi ham mumkin:
It was late and was tired, so I went to bed - Kech bo'lgan edi va charchagan edim, shuning uchun men uyquga ketdim. Ochish/sharhlash