Foydali grammatika Gerund (davomi) GERUNDNING PREDLOGSI | Ingilis tili
Foydali grammatika
Gerund (davomi)
GERUNDNING PREDLOGSIZ ISHLATILISHI
1. Predlogsiz gerund ko‘pincha fe’l-kesim tarkibida keladi:
The manager has finished dictating a letter to the secretary.
— Menejer kotibaga xatni aytib turishni tugatdi.
We have put off chartering a boat
until the director returns from England.
— Biz kema yollashni direktor Angliyadan qaytib kelmaguncha kechiktirdik.
I can’t help telling you about it.
— Men sizga bu haqda aytmasdan
turolmayman.
I enjoy listening to music.
— Men musiqa tinglaganimda rohatlanaman.
Gerund bilan birikib fe’l-kesim bo‘lib keladigan ba’zi fe’llar:
to finish — tamomlamoq
to avoid — qochmoq
to stop, to give up, to leave off
— to‘xtatmoq, tashlamoq
to need, to require, to want — kerak bo‘lmoq
to keep, to keep on, to go on — davom ettirmoq
to enjoy — rohatlanmoq, yoqtirmoq
to put off, to postpone, to delay
— kechiktirmoq, orqaga surmoq
I can’t help — -masdan tura olmayman
Gerund worth arzirli va busy band sifatlari bilan ham fe’l kesim bo‘lib keladi:
These goods are worth buying.
— Bu mollarni sotib olsa arziydi.
When I entered the room, he was busy translating an article.
— Men xonaga kirganimda, u maqola
tarjima qilish bilan band edi.
Izoh: need, to want, to require fe’llaridan keyin va worth sifatidan keyin Passive Gerund o‘rnida Active Gerund ishlatiladi.
OLDIDAN OT YOKI OLMOSH KELGAN GERUND
1. Gerund ifodalagan ish-harakat gapning egasiga yoki to‘ldiruvchiga qarashli bo‘lishi mumkin:
They began speaking (speaking ifodalagan ish-harakati they egaga tegishli).
— Ular gaplasha boshladilar.
I am obliged to you for helping me (helping ifodalagan ish-harakati you to‘ldiruvchiga tegishli).
— Yordam berganingiz uchun men
sizdan minnatdorman.
2. Gerund ifodalagan ish-harakat ega yoki to‘ldiruvchi bo‘lmagan shaxs yoki buyumga ham tegishli bo‘lishi mumkin. Bu holda o‘sha shaxs yoki buyum qaratqich kelishigidagi ot yoki egalik olmoshi bilan ifodalanadi:
The agent informed the firm of the buyer’s having insured the cargo.
— Agent firmaga xaridor mollarni
sug‘urta qilganligini xabar qildi.
We insisted on their delivering the goods immediately.
— Biz ulardan mollarni zudlik bilan yetkazib berishlarini talab qildik.
3. Agar gerund qarashli bo‘lgan ot jonsiz bo‘lsa, u ot bosh kelishikda
ishlatiladi, chunki jonsiz otlar qaratqich kelishigida ishlatilmaydi:
We insisted on the contract being signed immediately.
— Biz shartnomaning zudlik bilan imzolanishini talab qildik.
He objected to the ships leaving the port in such stormy weather.
— U kemalarning bunday bo‘ronli
havoda portni tark etishiga e’tiroz
bildirdi.
4. Bosh kelishikdagi jonsiz otlar o‘rnida birlikda its, ko‘plikda their egalik olmoshlari ishlatiladi:
We insisted on its (the contract) being signed immediately.
He objected to their (the ships) leaving the port in such stormy
weather.
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