52-dars Noto'g'ri sifat va ravishlar (The fifty second lesson: | GREEN GRAMMAR

52-dars Noto'g'ri sifat va ravishlar (The fifty second lesson: Irregular adjective and adverbs)

Notoʻg'ri sifat va ravish deyilganda oldingi mavzulardagi qoʻshimchalar va qoidalardan istisno sifat va ravishlar tushuniladi.

Good soʻzining ravish shakli well hisoblanadi. Bu soʻzlar oʻzbek tilida bir xil 'yaxshi' deb tarjima qilinadi, lekin ingliz tilida ularning gapdagi oʻrniga qarab sifat yoki ravish sifatida qo'llanilganligini bilish mumkin.
Eg. Susan is a good pianist. (good pianist... sifat+ot)
Eg. Susan plays the piano well. (plays the piano well... fe'l+toʻldiruvchi+ravish)

Well ravishi fe'lning III shakli (Past participle) bilan birlashib qoʻshma sifat hosil qiladi. Bunday vaziyatlarda ular orasiga chiziqcha qoʻyiladi.

well-known - mashhur
well-dressed - yaxshi kiyingan
well-paid - yaxshi haq toʻlanadigan
well-educated - yaxshi ta'lim olgan

Eg. I am looking for a well-paid job.
Eg. Gary's father is a well-known writer.

Well soʻzi sog'lig'i yaxshi degan ma'noda sifat boʻlib qoʻllaniladi.
Eg. A: How are you today? (Bugun ahvolingiz qanday?)
B: I am very well, thank you. (Juda yaxshiman, rahmat.)

Quyidagi soʻzlar esa bir xil shaklda ham sifat, ham ravish sifatida qoʻllaniladi:

Hard/fast/deep/early/high/late/long/low/near/right/straight/wrong.

Eg. We did some hard work. (oʻgir ish...sifat)
Eg. We worked hard. (qattiq ishladik...ravish)
Eg. I came on the fast train. (tezyurar poyezd...sifat)
Eg. The train went quite fast. (ancha tez yurdi...ravish)
Eg. Farmer have imported their tomatoes to the UK from late October until June for 120 years. (oktabr oxiri...sifat)
Eg. The postman brings my mail so late that I rarely see it before I go to work. (kech olib keladi...ravish)

Hard/near/late/high/free soʻzlariga - ly qoʻshimchasi qoʻshilganida umuman boshqa ma'no anglatadi.
Eg. I tried hard, but I didn't succeed. (...hard=qattiq)
Eg. I have got hardly any money. (...hardly=deyarli yoʻq)
Eg. Luckily I found a phone box quite near.(...near=yaqin )
Eg. I nearly fell asleep in the meeting. (...nearly=deyarli)
Eg. Rachel arrived late as usual. (...late=kech)
Eg. I have been very busy lately. (...lately=yaqindan beri)
Eg. The plane flew high above the clouds. (...high=baland)
Eg. The material is highly radioactive. (...highly=juda)
Eg. We got into the concert free. (...free=tekin)
Eg. The animals are allowed to wander freely. (...freely=erkin)

Hardly soʻzi gapda zoʻrg'a, deyarli yoq degan ma'nolarda keladi. Bu soʻz mazmunan inkor soʻz hisoblanadi va shuning uchun boʻlishli fe'l bilan qoʻllaniladi.
Eg. We have only met once or twice. We hardly know each other. (...deyarli bir-birimizni bilmaymiz.)

Hardly soʻzining any/anything/anybody/anyone/anywhere olmoshlari bilan qoʻllanilishi koʻp uchraydi.
Eg. A: How much money have you got?
B: Hardly any. (Deyarli hecha qancha)
Eg. There is hardly anything in the fridge. (Muzlatkichda deyarli hech narsa yoq.)
Eg. The exam results were very bad. Hardly anybody in our class passed.

Can/could modal fe'llardan hardly soʻzi bilan juda koʻp qoʻllaniladi.
Eg. Your writing is terrible. I can hardly read it. (zo'rg'a o'qiy oldim)
Eg. My leg was hurting. I could hardly walk.

Hardly ever soʻzi deyarli (hech qachon) degan ma'noda payt ravishi hisoblanadi.
Eg. I'm nearly always at home. I hardly ever go out. (... deyarli ko'chaga chiqmayman)

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