45-dars. Fe'lni ING'li shakli (The forty fifth lesson: GERUND) | GREEN GRAMMAR

45-dars. Fe'lni ING'li shakli (The forty fifth lesson: GERUND)

Ingliz tilida Gerund bu fe'lga -ing qoʻshimchasi qoʻshilgan fe'l shaklidir. Fe'lga -ing qoʻshimchasi qoʻshilganda u endi otga oʻxshab qoʻllanila boshlaydi. Gerund ham aslida feʼl boʻlgani uchun uning inkor shaklini (not) orqali hosil qilish mumkin.
Eg. When I am on holiday, I enjoy not having to get up early.

Agar Gerund bilan ifodalangan ish harakat tugallangan yoki ancha oldin sodir boʻlganligini koʻrsatmoqchi boʻlsak, Perfect Gerund (having+V3/Ved). Bunday holat admit/deny/regret feʼllaridan keyin uchraydi.
Struktura: S+admit/deny/regret+having+V3/Ved
Eg. They regret having got married.

Gerund gapdagi mazmuni va qoʻllanilishiga koʻra 4 ta shaklda kelishi mumkin.

1. Present active – Verb+ing
2. Present passive – Being+V3/Ved
3. Past active – Having+V3/Ved
4. Past passive – Having been +V3/Ved

Gerund'dan quyidagi vaziyatlarda foydalanamiz.

1. Gapda ega yoki kesim boʻlib keladi.
Eg. Running is useful for you.

2. Quyidagi feʼllardan keyin gerund keladi.
Like. Dislike. Love. Hate. Advise
Begin. Consider. Enjoy. Keep.
Discuss. Mind. Stop. Start.
Try. Fancy. Risk. Complate.
Prefer. Finish. Forget. Escape.
Eg. I don't fancy going out this evening.

3. Barcha predlog va predlogli birikmalardan keyin gerund keladi.
For example:
Insist on. Dream of/about. Object to. Stop smb from. Forgive for. Instead of.
Eg. I bought a bike instead of going away on holiday.

Note: Bizga maʼlumki to infinitive maʼnosida kelganda oʻzidan keyin V1'ni qabul qiladi. Ammo to ba'zi feʼl va birikmalardan keyin kelib, predlog vazifasida keladi va shu holatda oʻzidan keyin gerundni oladi.
For example: Look forward to. Prefer doing to. Be used to. Get used to. Get around to. Affected to.
Eg. I am looking forward to seeing Ann again.

4. Ingliz tilida quyidagi birikmalar va iboralar oʻzidan keyin gerundni oladi.
It is/was no use
It is/was of nouse + Ving
It is/was no good
It is/was useless
There is no point in +Ving
It is worth/it is not worth+Ving
Have+difficulty/trouble/a problem/fun+Ving
Have a good time/a hard time/a difficult time+Ving

5. Be busy+Ving
Note: busy soʻzidan oldin too kelsa, busy soʻzidan keyin to do keladi.

6. Time/money soʻzlaridan keyin to do keladi. Ammo bu soʻzlardan oldin S+spend/lose/waste feʼllari kelsa, time/many soʻzlaridan keyin Ving keladi.

7. Sit/stand/lie/stay/lean+Ving

8. Go/come feʼllari Gerund bilan qoʻllanilib sport yoki hordiq turlarini bildirib kelishi mumkin.
Struktura: S+go/come+shopping, swimming, fishing,riding, sailing.

9. What is the use of+Ving?
There is nothing worth than+Ving

10. While/when/before/after/by/without+Ving

11. Can't see smb Ving – tasavvur qilolmaslik
Keep smb Ving – ... kimnidir ... moq
Can't imagine smb Ving – tasavvur qilolmaslik
Can't stop smb Ving – ... dan toʻxtata olmaslik

12. Qaratqich kelishik qoʻshimchasi "-ning" oluvchi soʻzlar (my, your, his, her, our, their, Tomʼs)dan keyin ham asosan Gerund (Ving) ishlatiladi.
Eg. The teacher was angry about Linda's coming to the lesson late.

13. Ingliz tilida "Would you mind" dan keyin odatda quyidagi holatlar keladi.
Struktura: Would you mind+Ving/if+I+V2(ed)
Eg. Would you mind opening the window?
Would you mind if I opened the window?

Thanks everybody. See you soon the next lesson.

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