Ingliz tili 0 dan | English Lessons

2022-08-19 16:30:17 Lesson 38.2

Majhul nisbatning o'ziga xosliklari

Avvalgi darsda aytib oʻtilgandek, aniq nisbatdagi (active voice) gaplarda toʻldiruvchilar majhul nisbatdagi gaplarda ega oʻrniga chiqadi. Ingliz tilida shunday fe'llar borki, ular ikkita toʻldiruvchi qabul qiladi. Bunday gaplardan ikkita majhul nisbatdagi gap hosil qila olamiz. Bu fe'llar misollar: to give , ask, offer, show, tell, owe…
• I gave Tom the book. (Men Tomga kitobni berdim. toʻldiruvchilar - Tom va the book)
Tom was given a book.
The book was given to Tom.

• They offered Ann the job. (Ular Annaga ish taklif qildilar...ikkita toʻldiruvchi - Ann va the job)
Ann was offered the job.
The job was offered to Ann.


Majhul nisbat qurilmasi boshqa fe'llardan keyin ham kela oladi. Bu holat oʻzidan keyin gerundiy yoki fe'lning infinitiv shaklini talab qiladigan fe'llardan keyin uchraydi (to like, to succeed in, to seem….).
• I don't like being told what to do. (Menga nima qilish kerakligi aytilishi yoqmaydi....majhul nisbat gerundiy sifatida ifodalangan.)
• He only succeeded in being taken for a bore.
• Your bag seems to have been stolen.


Majhul nisbat ma'nosini berish uchun to be fe'li oʻrniga to get fe'li ham qoʻllanishi mumkin.
• The window got broken (was broken) by the children.

to get fe'li bilan ifodalanuvchi majhul nisbatlarning savol va inkor shakllari do/does/did/will… va boshqa yordamchi fe'llar yordamida yasaladi.
• How often do you get paid? (How often are you paid?)
• I am surprised why Liz didn't get offered the job. (Liz wasn't offered the job)

Ammo to get fe'li faqat bir necha fe'llar bilangina majhul nisbat yasab kela oladi. Quyidagi birikmalar esa majhul ma'noda qoʻllanilmaydi:
get married - uylanmoq, turmushga chiqmoq get dressed - kiyinmoq get lost - adashib qolmoq
get divorced - ajrashmoq (nikohdan) get changed - kiyimni almashtirmoq


#passive
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@English_LessonsUz kanalga ulanish Ochish/sharhlash

2022-08-19 09:32:02 Lesson 38.1

Majhul nisbatning zamonlarda qo'llanishi

Ingliz tilida deyarli barcha zamonlarda majhul nisbatdagi gapni hosil qilishimiz mumkin. Oldingi darsda ta'kidlab oʻtilganidek, majhul nisbatdagi gaplarda zamonga va shaxslarga qarab oʻzgaradigan qism to be fe'li hisoblanadi:

Present simple tense: Ega+ am/is/are + V3(ed)
• The plants are watered every week. (Gullar har hafta sug'oriladi.)
• Jack is not often invited to the parties. (Jek ziyofatlarga tez-tez taklif qilinmaydi.)
• She is looked after by her grandparents.

Past simple tense: Ega+ was/were + V3(ed)
• The plants were watered last week. (Gullar o'tgan hafta sug'orildi)
• I was told to wait in the hall. (Menga zalda kutib turish aytildi.)
• She was brought up by her grandparents.

Future simple tense: Ega + will be + V3(ed)
• The plants will be watered next week. (Gullar keyingi hafta sug'oriladi)
• The students will be examined next week. (Talabalar keyingi hafta imtihon qilinadi.)
• This book will be published in a few days.

Present continuous: Ega + am/is/are being + V3(ed)
• The plants are being watered now. (Gullar ayni paytda sug'orilyapti)
• The students are being examined at the moment. (Talabalar hozir imtihon qilinmoqdalar.)
• A famous pop-singer is being interviewed at the moment.

Past continuous tense: Ega+was/were being+ V3(ed)
• The plants were being watered at this time yesterday. (Gullar sug'orilayotgan edi)
• There was an explosion when the experiment was being carried out. (Tajriba oʻtkazilayotganda portlash sodir boʻldi.)
• She was being questioned at the police station.

Present perfect tense: Ega + have/has been + V3(ed)
• The plants have just been watered. (Gullar hozirgina sug'orildi)
• All the questions have been answered. (Hamma savollarga javob berildi.)
• They have been invited to the party.

Past Perfect simple tense: Ega + had been + V3(ed)
• The plants had been watered. (Gullar sug'orilgan edi)
• He had been asked some questions before the police came.
• The doctor had been sent for when Tom arrived.

Future perfect tense: Ega +will have been + V3(ed)
• The plants will have been watered. (Gullar sug'orilgan bo'ladi)
• The letters will have been typed by the time the manager comes.
• We will have been examined four times by the end of the year.

going to: Ega+am (is, are) going to + be + V3(ed)
• The plants are going to be watered.
• The concert is going to be conducted by a famous artist.

Advanced Grammar in Use (Martin Hewings) kitobida majhul nisbatda juda kam qoʻllaniladigan yana bir zamon berilgan bu - Present Perfect Continuous zamonidir.
Present Perfect Continuous tense: Ega+have/has been being + V3(ed)
• John has been telling me for ages that you are leaving. (active voice)
• I have been being told (by John) for ages that you are leaving. (passive voice)


#passive
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@English_LessonsUz kanalga ulanish Ochish/sharhlash

2022-08-18 16:51:01 So'zlashuv uchun: Lug'at
Kunlik iboralar

Anyway - Har qanday holatda ham
Always at all - Umuman
Therefore - Shu sababga ko'ra
Though - Garchand, garchi, ... ga qaramasdan
Although - Garchand, garchi, ... ga qaramasdan

Mean - Ungacha, hozircha
Nevertheless - Lekin, shunday bo'lsada, baribir
Perhaps - Balki, bo'lishi mumkin
Probably - Balki, bo'lishi mumkin
To put it mildly - Yumshoq qilib aytganda

At all - Umuman
In any case - Har qanaqa holatda hanlm
To tell the truth - To'g'risini aytganda
So - Ho'sh

How awful! - Qanday yomon!
On short time - Tez orada
Come up - Paydo b’lmoq
Fortnight - Ikki hafta
Condition - Shart

Now and then - Onda sonda
Moreover - Undan tashqari

#reported_speech
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@English_LessonsUz kanalga ulanish Ochish/sharhlash

2022-08-17 16:31:05 Lesson 37.3

Buyruq gaplarni o'zlashtirma gaplarda ifodalash

Ingliz tilida buyruq gaplar II shaxsga (you) qaratiladi va gap boshida hozirgi zamondagi fe'l bilan qoʻllaniladi.
• Sit down. (Oʻtiring)
• Don't move! (Qimirlama!)

Oʻzlashtirma gaplarda buyruq gaplar ham ikkita qurilma asosida shakllantiriladi:
Agar buyruq gap boʻlishli boʻlsa, oʻzlashtirma gapda to+verb infitiniv shaklida qoʻllaniladi:
• The teacher asked us 'Sit down, please' (koʻchirma gap) The teacher asked us to sit down.

Agar buyruq gap boʻlishsiz boʻlsa, oʻzlashtirma gapda not to+verb infinitiv shaklida qoʻllaniladi:
• Tom told me 'Don't move' (koʻchirma gap) Tom told me not to move.


Modal fe'llar bilan hosil qilingan iltimos, taklif ma'nosidagi soʻroq gaplar ham mazmunan buyruq gap hisoblanadi.
• Jane asked me 'Can you close the door?'
• He asked me 'Would you like to drink some tea?'

Yuqoridagi gaplarni ham oʻzlashtirma gapga aylantirganda buyruq gap qoidasi qoʻllaniladi.
• Jane asked me to close the door.
• He offered to drink some tea.


#reported_speech
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@English_LessonsUz kanalga ulanish Ochish/sharhlash

2022-08-16 16:33:11 Lesson 37.2

So'roq gaplarni o'zlashtirma gaplarda ifodalash

Ma'lumki, ingliz tilida soʻroq gaplar ikki katta guruhga boʻlinadi:

Umumiy soʻroq gaplar (yes/no questions) - javob sifatida Yes -ha yoki No - yoʻq soʻzlarini talab qiladigan soʻroq gaplar. Bu soʻroq gaplar odatda faqat yordamchi fe'llar bilan hosil qilinadi.
• Do you speak English?
• Are you a student?
• Can he swim?


Maxsus soʻroq gaplar (special questions) - Bunday soʻroq gaplarda aniq bir shaxs/voqea/narsa haqida ma'lumot soʻraladi va soʻroq gap soʻroq olmoshlari (what/when/who/why/where…) va yordamchi fe'llar bilan hosil qilinadi.
• What do you do?
• Where is he going?
• Why did she leave early?


Soʻroq gaplarni oʻzlashtirma gapga aylantirshda qoida uning qaysi soʻroq gap turiga mansub ekanligidan kelib chiqadi.
Agar soʻroq gap umumiy soʻroq gap boʻlsa, quyidagi qurilma qoʻllaniladi:
Muallif gapi+if/whether+bir zamon orqaga surilgan darak gap

• He asked me 'Do you speak English?' (soʻroq gap) He asked me if I spoke English. (bir zamon orqaga surilgan darak gap)
• They asked Tom 'Are you a student?' (soʻroq gap) They asked Tom whether he was a student. (bir zamon orqaga surilgan darak gap)
• I asked Jane 'Can your brother swim?' (soʻroq gap) I wanted to know if her brother could swim. (bir zamon orqaga surilgan darak gap)


Agar soʻroq gap maxsus soʻroq gap boʻlsa, quyidagi qurilma qoʻllaniladi:
Muallif gapi+soʻroq olmoshi+bir zamon orqaga surilgan darak gap

• He asked me 'What do you do?' (maxsus soʻroq gap) He asked me what I did. (bir zamon orqaga surilgan darak gap)
• I asked Jane 'Where is your brother going?' (maxsus soʻroq gap) I wanted to know where her brother was going. (bir zamon orqaga surilgan darak gap)
• He asked me 'Why did she leave early?' (maxsus soʻroq gap) He asked me why she had left early. (bir zamon orqaga surilgan darak gap)


Soʻroq gaplarda savol kimdan soʻralayotganligiga e'tibor berish lozim va shunga qarab oʻzlashtirma gapda egani toʻg'ri qoʻya olamiz.

• They asked Tom 'Are you a student?' They asked Tom whether he was a student. (savol Tomdan soʻralmoqda, shuning uchun koʻchirma gapdagi you olmoshi oʻzlashtirma gapda he olmoshiga oʻzgartirilishi lozim.
• He asked me 'What do you do?' He asked me what I did. (Savol mendan so'ralmoqda, shuning uchun you olmoshi I ga o'zgardi)


#reported_speech
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@English_LessonsUz kanalga ulanish Ochish/sharhlash

2022-08-16 15:45:42 New vocabulary

construction - qurilish
cot, crib - bolalar karavati
creadle - beshik
cupboard - bufet, javon
desk - yozuv stoli
dinner-table - ovqatlanish stoli
dish - tarelka, idish, ovqat, taom
door-mat - oyoq artgich, poyandoz
door-step - ostona
double-bed - qo’sh karavot
drawer - tortma stol, shkaf
dressing table - kiyinish stoli 25
duster - latta (chang artish uchun)
dwelling house - turar joy
electricity - elektr quvvati
entrance - kirish
entrance-hall - vestibyul
floor-lamp - torsher
fork - vilka
furniture - mebel, jihoz
to furnish - jihozlamoq
furnished - jihozlangan
gas-stove - gaz plitasi
glass - stakan, ryumka
ground-floor - birinchi qavat
hedge - to’siq, panjara
housing construction - qurilish
to improve - yaxshilanmoq, tuzatmoq
inconvenient - noqulay, nobop, ongaysiz
kettle - chovgum (choy qaynatadigan idish)
kitchen-table - oshxona stoli
lamp-shade - abajur (lampa qalpogi)
lavatory - hojatxona
living-conditions - yashash sharoitlari
living-room - mehmonxona
looking-glass - kozgu, oyna
to make one's bed - karavotni tartibga keltirmoq


#vocabulary
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@English_LessonsUz kanalga ulanish Ochish/sharhlash