165-dars.
"Ravishlarning turlari" (davomi)
O‘lchov va daraja ravishlari:
much - ko‘p,
little - oz,
very - juda,
too - o‘ta,
so - shunday,
enough - yetarli,
hardly, scarcely - arang, zo‘rg‘a,
nearly, almost - deyarli, aytarli va boshqalar.
a) much ravishi ko‘p ma’nosida asosan so‘roq va bo‘lishsiz gaplarda ishlatiladi. Darak bo‘lishli gaplarda esa odatda muchning o‘rniga a lot, a great (good) deal so‘zlari keladi:
Has he read much?
U ko‘p o‘qiganmi?
He hasn’t read much.
U ko‘p o‘qimagan.
Ammo:
He has read a lot (a great deal).
U ko‘p o‘qigan.
Much ravishi darak gaplarda very, rather, too, so, as, how ravishlari bilan birgalikda kelishi mumkin:
He reads very much.
U juda ko‘p o‘qiydi.
He plays football too much.
U juda ko‘p futbol o‘ynaydi.
b) little ravishi o‘z ma‘nosida xuddi much kabi darak gaplarda very, rather, too, so, as, how ravishlari bilan birga keladi. Little yuqoridagi ravishlarsiz kelganda odatda uning o‘rniga not… much ishlatiladi:
He doesn’t read much
U kam o‘qiydi. (He reads little. emas).
She doesn’t speak much about it
(She speaks little about it deyilmaydi).
c) very - juda,
too - juda, ancha, o‘ta,
so - shunday,
how - qanday
ravishlari sifat yoki ravishni aniqlab keladi:
He is very clever.
U juda aqlli.
You are walking too fast.
Siz juda tez yurayapsiz.
He was so glad to see me.
U meni ko‘rishdan shunday xursand bo‘ldiki.
How late it is!
Qanday kech bo‘ldi! (Qanchalik kechikdik!)
Bu ravishlar o‘tgan zamondagi fe’l yoki sifatdoshni aniqlash uchun mustaqil ishlatilmaydi. Ular bilan birgalikda much ravishi ham keladi va o‘zbek tiliga tarjima qilinmaydi:
He was very much interested in what I said.
U men aytgan gapga juda qiziqib qoldi.
I was too much surprised to say anything.
Men biror narsa deyishga hayron edim.
I want to see him so much.
Men uni shunday ko‘rgim kelayapti.
You know how much I like my work.
Men ishimni qanchalik yaxshi ko‘rishimni siz bilasiz.
d) hardly, scarcely ravishlari arang, zo‘rg‘a ma’nosida ishlatiladi:
I could hardly (scarcely) understand him.
Men uni arang tushuna oldim.
Hardly va scarcely ravishlari ko‘pincha any, anybody, anything, anywhere, ever so‘zlari bilan birga keladi. Bunda ular o‘zbek tiliga bo‘lishsiz shaklda …yo‘q desa ham bo‘ladi, deyarli deb tarjima qilinadi:
There were hardly (scarcely) any people in the street.
Ko‘chada deyarli odam yo‘q edi.
There was hardly (scarcely) any water in the well.
Quduqda suv yo‘q desa ham bo‘lar edi.
I hardly (scarcely) ever see him.
Men uni deyarli ko‘rmayman.
e) nearly va almost qariyb, deyarli ravishlari darak gaplarda ishlatiladi. Nearly va almost ravishlari fe’lga aloqador bo‘lib kelganda o‘zbek tiliga sal qoldi deb ham tarjima qilinadi.
I have nearly (almost) fi nished my work.
Men ishimni deyarli tamomlagan edim.
I nearly (almost) made a mistake.
Men xato qilishimga sal qoldi.
I nearly (almost) fell.
Men yiqilib tushishimga sal qoldi.
Nearly va almost ravishlari bo‘lishsiz gaplarda ishlatilmaydi.
@IngilizTiliUz
