#grammar Conjunctions (Bog'lovchilar) I qism and - va, b | English House

#grammar

Conjunctions (Bog'lovchilar) I qism

and - va, bilan, hamda degan ma'nolarda teng munosabatdagi uyushiq boʻlaklar va gaplarni bir-biriga bog'laydi.
He bought a few books and notebooks.
He came and I had to leave home.
Birikmalar: and so on - va hakozo (etc.)

but - lekin, ammo, biroq bir-biriga qarama-qarshi boʻlgan gaplarni va birikmalarni bog'laydi.
We have a blackboard but we can't write on it.

Birikmalar:
nothing but… yoki anything but… -dan tashqari degan ma'noda ishlatiladi.
Fozil drinks nothing but Coca-Cola. (Fozil Koka-Koladan tashqari hech narsa ichmaydi)
but for + noun - agar … boʻlmaganda degan ma'noda shartli gap sifatida ishlatiladi.
But for your help, I wouldn't have finished my work.

not only … but (also) - nafaqat … balki degan ma'noda qoʻsh bog'lovchi hisoblanadi.
We learn not only English but (also) Chinese. (Biz nafaqat ingliz, balki xitoy tilini ham oʻrganamiz.)

so - shuning uchun degan ma'noda sababni bildirib beladi.
It's very hot so let's open the window.

so as to/in order to+ infinitive - maqsadni bildiruvchi qurilma hisoblanadi.
I got up early so as to catch my train.
I got up early so as not to be late.

so that/in order that - shi uchun, -sin deb degan ma'nolarda maqsad bog'lovchisi hisoblanadi, oʻzidan keyin gap talab qiladi.
The Englishman spoke slowly so that I could understand him.

because - chunki degan ma'noda sabab bog'lovchisi hisoblanadi, oʻzidan keyin gap talab qiladi.
It's very hot because the sun is shining brightly outside.

Birikmalar: because of/on the account of/due to sababli, tufayli degan ma'noda koʻmakchili birikmalar hisoblanadi va oʻzidan keyin ot, otli birikma, gerundiy yoki olmosh talab qiladilar.
There was a lot of traffic in the streets because of the holiday season.
He doesn't drink alcohol on account of his health.
A lot of her unhappiness is due to boredom.

because of koʻmakchisining sinonimlari sifatida as a result of, owing to birikmalarini keltirib oʻtish mumkin.
The plane was late owing to bad weather.

although/even though/though - -ga qaramasdan, garchi degan ma'nolarda toʻsiqsiz bog'lovchi hisoblandilar va oʻzlaridan keyin har doim gap talab qiladilar.
Although it rained a lot, we enjoyed our holiday immensely.

-ga qaramasdan degan ma'nodagi in spite of/despite soʻzlari toʻsiqsiz koʻmakchilar hisoblanadi. Bu koʻmakchilar oʻzidan keyin ot, otli birikma, gerundiy yoki olmosh talab qiladi.
In spite of the frequent rain, we enjoyed our holiday immensely.
in spite of/despite the fact that birikmasidan keyin gap qoʻllaniladi.
Despite the fact that we played better, the rival team won the game.


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