Deepak UPSC Notes

2022-02-25 08:32:50 GS-3, Agriculture

Wheat Crop Ochish/sharhlash

2022-02-25 08:32:11 UPSC PYQ - 2011

All revenues received by the Union Government by way of taxes and other receipts for the conduct of Government business are credited to the?

A) Contingency Fund of India
B) Public Account
C) Consolidated Fund of India
D) Deposits and Advances Fund


Answer :-

Answer is C.

Consolidated Fund

It was constituted under Article 266 (1)of the Constitution of India.

It is made up of:

All revenues received by the Government by way of taxes(Income Tax, Central Excise, Customs and other receipts) and all non-tax revenues.

All loans raised by the Government by issue of Public notifications, treasury bills (internal debt) and from foreign governments and international institutions (external debt).

All government expenditures are incurred from this fund and no amount can be withdrawn from the Fund without authorization from the Parliament.

Each state can have its own Consolidated Fund of the state with similar provisions.

The Comptroller and Auditor General of India audits the fund and reports to the relevant legislatures on the management Ochish/sharhlash

2022-02-25 05:06:50 .






The Hindu Analysis video ka link Ochish/sharhlash

2022-02-24 15:46:52 .






Important Announcement | Sabhi logo ko video zaroor dekhni hai Ochish/sharhlash

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2022-02-24 04:55:28 .






The Hindu Analysis video ka link Ochish/sharhlash

2022-02-24 02:21:12 Ochish/sharhlash

2022-02-24 02:21:12 Ayodhya Temple

GS-1, Art and culture

Nagara style of temple architecture

What is Nagara style of temple architecture?

The Nagara style of temple architecture is found in northern India.

In the Nagara style, the temple is generally constructed on an upraised platform called jagati. Mandapasare present in front of the Garbhagriha. These are adorned with the Shikhara, the tallest one being above the Garbhagriha.

Nagara style doesn’t usually have elaborate boundary walls or gateways.

The garbhagriha is always located directly under the tallest tower.

The basic form of a Hindu temple contains the following architectural elements:

Garbhagriha– the small room where the principle deity/deities of the temple reside

Mandapa– the portico or hall at the entrance of the temple generally designed to house a large number of people

Shikhara– the mountain like spire which can have different shapes from pyramidal to curvilinear

Vahana– the mount or vehicle of the main deity placed generally in line of sight from Garbhagriha Ochish/sharhlash

2022-02-24 02:21:12 About Khajuraho Temples:

Khajuraho Temples (in Madhya Pradesh) are among the most beautiful medieval monuments in the country.

Built between 950-1050 AD by the Chandela Dynasty.

The monuments include Hindu and Jain temples.

The temple site is situated within Vindhya Mountain range.

These Temples got the status of UNESCO’s World Heritage Sites in 1986.

The temples are famous for their Nagara-style architectural symbolism. Ochish/sharhlash

2022-02-24 02:21:12 Enforcement Directorate
GS-2

Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies.

What to study?

For Prelims: ED- objectives, functions and composition.

For Mains: Controversies and issues surrounding it’s independence and misuse, ways to address them.


About Enforcement Directorate:

It is a Multi Disciplinary Organization mandated with the task of enforcing the provisions of two special fiscal laws – Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (FEMA) and Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002 (PMLA). 

Historical background:

The origin of this Directorate goes back to 1st May, 1956, when an ‘Enforcement Unit’ was formed, in Department of Economic Affairs, for handling Exchange Control Laws violations under Foreign Exchange Regulation Act, 1947 (FERA ’47).

In the year 1957, this Unit was renamed as ‘Enforcement Directorate’. The administrative control of the Directorate was transferred from Department of Economic Affairs to Department of Revenue in 1960.

For a short period of 04 years (1973 – 1977), the Directorate also remained under the administrative jurisdiction of Department of Personnel & Administrative Reforms. 

Powers:

The Directorate enforces two laws;

FEMA, a Civil Law having quasi judicial powers, for investigating suspected contraventions of the Exchange Control Laws and Regulations with the powers to impose penalties on those adjudged guilty.

PMLA, a Criminal Law, whereby the Officers are empowered to conduct enquiries to locate, provisionally attach/confiscate assets derived from acts of Schedules Offences besides arresting and prosecuting the Money Launderers.

Composition:

Besides directly recruiting personnel, the Directorate also draws officers from different Investigating Agencies, viz., Customs & Central Excise, Income Tax, Police, etc. on deputation.

Other functions:

Processing cases of fugitive/s from India under Fugitive Economic Offenders Act, 2018.

Sponsor cases of preventive detention under Conservation of Foreign Exchange and Prevention of Smuggling Activities Act, 1974(COFEPOSA) in regard to contraventions of FEMA.

Special courts:

For the trial of an offence punishable under section 4 of PMLA, the Central Government (in consultation with the Chief Justice of the High Court), designates one or more Sessions Court as Special Court(s). The court is also called “PMLA Court”.

Any appeal against any order passed by PMLA court can directly be filed in the High Court for that jurisdiction. Ochish/sharhlash