Deepak UPSC Notes

2021-12-15 03:13:19 Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act

Quick Facts For Prelims

Linkages of Organized Crime with Terrorism

GS Paper - 3



UAPA was passed in 1967. It aims at effective prevention of unlawful activities associations in India.

Unlawful activity refers to any action taken by an individual or association intended to disrupt the territorial integrity and sovereignty of India.

The Act assigns absolute power to the central government, by way of which if the Centre deems an activity as unlawful then it may, by way of an Official Gazette, declare it so.

It has death penalty and life imprisonment as highest punishments.

Under UAPA, both Indian and foreign nationals can be charged. It will be applicable to the offenders in the same manner, even if crime is committed on a foreign land, outside India.

Under the UAPA, the investigating agency can file a charge sheet in maximum 180 days after the arrests and the duration can be extended further after intimating the court.

The 2004 amendment, added “terrorist act" to the list of offences to ban organisations for terrorist activities, under which 34 outfits were banned.

Till 2004, “unlawful" activities referred to actions related to secession and cession of territory

In August, Parliament cleared the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Amendment Bill, 2019 to designate individuals as terrorists on certain grounds provided in the Act.

The Act empowers the Director General of National Investigation Agency (NIA) to grant approval of seizure or attachment of propertywhen the case is investigated by the said agency.

The Act empowers the officers of the NIA, of the rank of Inspector or above, to investigatecases of terrorism in addition to those conducted by the DSP or ACP or above rank officer in the state Ochish/sharhlash

2021-12-15 03:13:19 About:- United Nation Security Council (UNSC).


The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN), charged with ensuring international peace and security,  recommending the admission of new UN members to the General Assembly,  and approving any changes to the UN Charter. Its powers include establishing peacekeeping operations, enacting international sanctions, and authorizing military action. The UNSC is the only UN body with the authority to issue binding resolutions on member states.

Like the UN as a whole, the Security Council was created after World War II to address the failings of the League of Nations in maintaining world peace. It held its first session on 17 January 1946, and in the ensuing decades was largely paralyzed by the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies. 

The Security Council consists of fifteen members, of which five are permanent:  China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America. These were the great powers, or their successor states, that were the victors of World War II. Permanent members can veto any substantive resolution, including those on the admission of new member states or nominees for the office of Secretary-General. The remaining ten members are elected on a regional basis to serve a term of two years. The body's presidency rotates monthly among its members. Ochish/sharhlash

2021-12-15 03:13:19 Difference between WPI and CPI Ochish/sharhlash

2021-12-15 03:13:18 GS-3, Economy

Consumer Price Index (CPI)

It measures price changes from the perspective of a retail buyer. It is released by the National Statistical Office (NSO).

The CPI calculates the difference in the price of commodities and services such as food, medical care, education, electronics etc, which Indian consumers buy for use.

The CPI has several sub-groups including food and beverages, fuel and light, housing and clothing, bedding and footwear.

Four types of CPI are as follows:

CPI for Industrial Workers (IW).

CPI for Agricultural Labourer (AL).

CPI for Rural Labourer (RL).

CPI (Rural/Urban/Combined).

Of these, the first three are compiled by the Labour Bureau in the Ministry of Labour and Employment. Fourth is compiled by the National Statistical Office (NSO) in the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation.

Base Year for CPI is 2012.

The Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) uses CPI data to control inflation.

Wholesale Price Index (WPI)

It measures the changes in the prices of goods sold and traded in bulk by wholesale businesses to other businesses.

Published by the Office of Economic Adviser, Ministry of Commerce and Industry.

It is the most widely used inflation indicator in India.

Major criticism for this index is that the general public does not buy products at wholesale price.

The base year of All-India WPI has been revised from 2004-05 to 2011-12 in 2017.

CPI vs. WPI

WPI, tracks inflation at the producer level and CPI captures changes in prices levels at the consumer level.

WPI does not capture changes in the prices of services, which CPI does.

In April 2014, the RBI had adopted the CPI as its key measure of inflation. Ochish/sharhlash

2021-12-15 03:13:18 Ochish/sharhlash

2021-12-15 03:13:18 GS-3, Economy

What is Inflation?

Inflation refers to the rise in the prices of most goods and services of daily or common use, such as food, clothing, housing, recreation, transport, consumer staples, etc.

Inflation measures the average price change in a basket of commodities and services over time.

The opposite and rare fall in the price index of this basket of items is called ‘deflation’.

Inflation is indicative of the decrease in the purchasing power of a unit of a country’s currency. This could ultimately lead to a deceleration in economic growth.

However, a moderate level of inflation is required in the economy to ensure that production is promoted.

Who measures Inflation in India?

Inflation is measured by a central government authority, which is in charge of adopting measures to ensure the smooth running of the economy. In India, the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation measures inflation.

In India, inflation is primarily measured by two main indices — WPI (Wholesale Price Index) and CPI (Consumer Price Index) which measure wholesale and retail-level price changes, respectively. The CPI calculates the difference in the price of commodities and services such as food, medical care, education, electronics etc, which Indian consumers buy for use.

What are the main causes of Inflation?

Some key reasons for Inflation:

High demand and low production or supply of multiple commodities create a demand-supply gap, which leads to a hike in prices.

Excess circulation of money leads to inflation as money loses its purchasing power.

With people having more money, they also tend to spend more, which causes increased demand.

Spurt in production prices of certain commodities also causes inflation as the price of the final product increases. This is called cost-push inflation.

Increase in the prices of goods and services is also a factor to consider as the involved labour also expects and demands more costs/wages to maintain their cost of living. This spirals to further increase in the prices of goods. Ochish/sharhlash

2021-12-15 03:13:18 Map of India Ochish/sharhlash

2021-12-15 03:13:18 North east India Ochish/sharhlash

2021-12-14 04:53:42 .






The Hindu Analysis video ka link Ochish/sharhlash

2021-12-14 03:10:38 Edible oil prices rise Ochish/sharhlash