NDPS (Amendment) Bill, 2021 GS Paper - 2 Government Policies | Deepak UPSC Notes
NDPS (Amendment) Bill, 2021
GS Paper - 2
Government Policies & Interventions
Why in News
Recently, the NDPS (Amendment) Bill, 2021 was introduced in the Lok Sabha.
The bill will amend the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985.
Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985
The Act regulates certain operations - such as manufacture, transport and consumption - related to narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances.
Under the Act, financing certain illicit activities such as cultivating cannabis, manufacturing narcotic drugs or harbouring persons engaged in them is an offence.
Persons found guilty of this offence will be punished with rigorous imprisonment of at least 10 years - extendable up to 20 years - and a fine of at least Rs.1 lakh.
It also provides for death penalty in some cases where a person is a repeat offender.
The Narcotics Control Bureau was also constituted in 1986 under the Act.
About the Bill:
The bill would replace an ordinance promulgated earlier this year (2021) to correct a drafting error in a 2014 amendment to the Act.
Before the 2014 amendment, clause (viii-a) of Section 2 contained sub-clauses (i) to (v), which defined the term “illicit traffic”.
In 2014, the Act was amended and the clause number of the definition for such illicit activities was changed.
However, the section (27A) on penalty for financing these illicit activities was not amended and continued to refer to the earlier clause number of the definition.
The ordinance amended the section on penalty to change the reference to the new clause number.
In a recent judgment, Tripura High Court has held that ‘until the appropriate legislative change occurs by amending Section 27A of the NDPS Act appropriately, sub-clauses (i) to (v) of clause (viii-a) of Section 2 of the NDPS Act shall suffer effect of deletion.
Section 27A of the NDPS Act
The provision reads that whoever indulges in financing, directly or indirectly, any of the activities specified in sub-clauses (i) to (v) of clause (viiia) of section 2 or harbours any person engaged in any of the aforementioned activities.
He shall be punishable with rigorous imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than ten years but which may extend to twenty years and shall also be liable to fine which shall not be less than one lakh rupees but which may extend to two lakh rupees:
Provided that the court may, for reasons to be recorded in the judgment, impose a fine exceeding two lakh rupees.
Reason of Section 27A getting Inoperable
The text of the provision says that offences mentioned under Section 2 (viiia) sub-clauses i-v are punishable through Section 27A.
However, Section 2 (viiia) sub-clauses i-v, which is supposed to be the catalog of offences, does not exist after the 2014 amendment.
So, if Section 27A penalises a blank list or a non-existent provision, it can be argued that it is virtually inoperable.
Concerns Related to the Bill:
The new provision is giving retrosp ective effect from 1st May 2014.
That means a criminal provision is given, which will not hold in good law.
It also violates the fundamental rights in Article 20 because a person can be punished for an offence for which there is a law in existence at the time of commission of the offence.
Article 20 grants protection against arbitrary and excessive punishment to an accused person, whether citizen or foreigner or legal person like a company or a corporation.
The NDPS Act has since been amended thrice – in 1988, 2001 and 2014.
